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\title{Hierarchy of Strength of Evidence or Interpretability}
%\author{Frank Harrell}

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Two-Drug Comparison: A vs B
\begin{itemize}
\item Ignoring cluster randomized trials
\item Ignoring trial inclusion criteria that may interact with treatment
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Let $P_{i}$ denote patient $i$ and the treatments be denoted by $A$
and $B$.  Thus $P_{2}^{B}$ represents patient 2 on treatment $B$.
$\overline{P}_{1}$ represents the average outcome over a sample of
patients from which patient 1 was selected.

\begin{tabular}{ll}
\Large \textbf{Design} & \Large \textbf{Patients Compared} \\ \hline \large
6-period crossover & $P_{1}^{A}$ vs $P_{1}^{B}$ (directly measure HTE)\\
2-period crossover & $P_{1}^{A}$ vs $P_{1}^{B}$ \\
RCT in idential twins & $P_{1}^{A}$ vs $P_{1}^{B}$ \\
$\parallel$ group RCT & $\overline{P}_{1}^{A}$ vs $\overline{P}_{2}^{B}$, 
$P_{1}=P_{2}$ on avg \\
Observational, good artificial control & $\overline{P}_{1}^{A}$ vs 
$\overline{P}_{2}^{B}$, $P_{1}=P_{2}$ hopefully on avg\\
Observational, poor artificial control & $\overline{P}_{1}^{A}$ vs 
$\overline{P}_{2}^{B}$, $P_{1}\neq P_{2}$ on avg\\
Real-world physician practice & $P_{1}^{A}$ vs $P_{2}^{B}$ \\
 \hline
\end{tabular}
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